Keeping Two Sets of Records

Ethical Dimensions of Financial Accounting: Keeping two sets of Records Financial Accounting is an informational tool intended for both managers of a company and for external parties of an organization as defined by Garrison. There is also an existence of some regulatory bodies requiring the use of different principles accordingly within companies’ jurisdiction. In some cases, companies are required to keep two sets of accounting records. For example, publicly traded companies are required to use GAAP by the U. S. Securities and Exchange Commission.But GAAP and IFRS depreciation rules don't always match up. Companies routinely account for earnings and expenses differently on their annual reports, compared with their tax returns . A contributing factor to keeping separate records is the different treatment in measuring income. The two approaches used in measuring income is the accrual-based and cash based accounting. As defined in our textbook Managerial Accounting by Garrison, Accrual accounting measures income as the difference between revenues recognized in the period versus and the expenses that are matched with those revenues.In contrast, cash basis accounting measures sales unless cash is actually received similarly with costs; they are deducted from sales in the same period they are paid for cash disbursements. Varying approach to accounting for depreciation is also permiited such as charging expense over a short period of time compared to its useful life of certain assets. (straight line method versus the accelerated depreciation). This lets the fixed assets expense higher at the early years of its acquisiton, thereby reducing taxable income.This approach to depreciation poses a benefit to a company to actually invest in fixed assets which may lead to operating efficiences. Another perspective is that businesss usually does a separate keeping of record for tax accounting purpose in order to minimize the possible amount of taxable income. In realit y, companies tend to overstate income when the financial information is being presented to external creditors or investors, whereas understating it to government regulators.This is practically done by businesses to stay in business—which is logical and legal. The most important thing to be adhered is to report financials set within accordance to the tax regulations, otherwise a company will be subject to loss of credibilty and trustworthiness to stakeholders and other external parties. References: Is It Legal for a Business to Maintain Two Sets of Accounting Records? | eHow. com http://www. ehow. com/info_7840065_legal-two-sets-accounting-records. html#ixzz29M1e7rFq

Marketing Tools

Marketing tools and techniques are the various methods and promotional approaches companies use to help market and sell their products and services. Marketing tools includes SWOT analysis, PEST analysis, PORTERS 5 FORCES analysis, TOWS analysis, BCG analysis. Banking in India was typically mature in terms of supply, product and reach, even though reach in rural India and to the poor still remains a threats.The government took initiatives to address this through the State bank of India expanding its branch network and through the National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development with things like microfinance. HDFC Bank Limited is an Indian financial Institution company based in Mumbai, Maharashtra that was commenced in August 1994. HDFC Bank ranked fifth largest bank in India by assets and the largest bank by market capitalization as of 1 November 2012. The bank build up the â€Å"Housing Development Finance Corporation†, a foremost housing finance of India. SWOT ANALYSIS AND PEST ANALYSIS were used to analyse the Banking Industry, HDFC Bank have selected for critical analysation .SWOT ANALYSISSWOT analysis is a structured method used to classify the Strength, Weakness, Opportunities, and Threats elobrated in a project or in business entreprise. A SWOT analysis can be carried out for a product, place, company, industry or person. It involves specifying the target of the business entreprise or project and identifying the internal and external factors that are favorable  and unfavorable to achieving that objective. Setting the target or goal should be done after the SWOT analysis has been made.This would be allow to achieve goals or objectives to be set for the organization. Strengths: It is the attributes of the business entreprise or project that give it an advantage over the others Weaknesses: It is the aspects that place the team at a disadvantage relative to the others Opportunities: It is the factors that the project could be exploit to its merits Threats: It is the factors in the environment that could cause trouble for the business entreprise or projectStrengths :1. HDFC bank ranked the second largest private banking sector in India which have 2,201 branches and 7,110 ATM’s 2.HDFC bank is situated in 1,174 cities in India and has over than 800 locations to serve customers through Telephone banking 3.The bank’s ATM card have got compatible with all domestic and international Visa/Master card, Visa Electron/ Maestro, Plus/cirus and American Express. This makes notable reason for HDFC cards to be the most preferred card for shopping and online transactions 4.HDFC bank has the highest degree of customer satisfaction level when comparing to the other private banks5.The Intrest rate in HDFC is low and it is one of the best places to work in private banking sector 6.HDFC has won lots of awards and recognition and it has received ‘Best Bank’ award from various financial rating institutions includes Dun a nd Bradstreet, Financial express, Euromoney awards for excellence, Finance Asia country awards etc 6.HDFC has good financial advisors in terms of guiding customers towards right investmentsWeakness :1.HDFC bank doesn’t have strong existence in Rural areas, where as bank like ICICI has its direct competitor is expanding in rural market 2.HDFC cannot enjoy first mover advantage in rural areas because Rural people are die hard loyals in terms of banking services. 3.HDFC Bank have got lack in aggressive marketing strategies like ICICI 4.The HDFC bank Mostly focuses on high end  clients5.Some of the HDFC bank’s product categories faces absence in performance and doesn’t reach in the market 6.The share prices of HDFC are often vary and wich causes uncertainty for the investorsOpportunities :1.HDFC bank have got better asset quality parameters over the government banks, therefore the profit growth is likely to stand high 2.The large companies and SME are growing at v ery fast pace. HDFC has enough reputation for maintaining corporate salary accounts 3.When compared to government banks, HDFC bank has improved in it’s bad debts portfolio and the recovery of bad debts were high 4.Opportunities for HDFC is high in abroad5.Due to strong financial position, the scope for acquisitions and strategic alliances is stand highThreats1.THE Non Performing Assets (NPA) of HDFc increased from 0.18 % to 0.20%. Since it is a slight variation it is a bad sign for the financial health of the bank 2.In India there is vast increase in non banking financial companies and new age banks 3.Since market share is not able to expand in HDFC so ICICI imposes major threat 4.The modernazation in government banks which trying to compete with private banks 5.Foreign Banks got 74 % of investment in Indian market which is opened upby RBIPEST ANALYSISPEST analysis (Political, Economic, Social and Technological analysis) determine a structure of macro-environmental factors us ed in the environmental scanning component of strategic management and It is a part of the external analysis when conducting a strategic analysis or doing market research, and gives a sketch of the different macro environmental  factors that the company has to take into consideration. It is a strtegic tool for understanding business position, potential and direction and market growth for operations. PEST analysis includes Political factorsEconomic factors Social factors Technological factorPolitical : Politics can increase HDFC bank’s risk factors, because governments can easily change business rules and regulations that negatively affect HDFC bank’s business. According to NDTV (2012), INDIAN government held HDFC responsible for money laundering from criminal activities by drug lords amounting to more than $2.6bn in assets. The HDFC bank is now required to strengthen their compliance and risk management infrastructure and culture which is likely cost it a lot of mone y.EconomicMany financial institutions are still feeling the effects of the 2008 financial crisis and the very real liquidity problem that led to the failure of others banks. Banks like HDFC have been saved by the fact they are universal with product offerings over many geographical locations. The HDFC chairman says is surviving and doing well because its underlying revenue growth is driven by Markets and Commercial Banking particularly in the faster-growing regions of Mumbai, Rest of India and where the economic outlook is more positive .SocialSocial issues like climate change and criminal money laundering are some of the social issues that HDFC is dealing with currently. In 2012.The Indian government held HDFC accountable for criminal money laundering amounting to $2.6bn and asked the company to contribute considerable time and resources to monitor millions of potential crime transactions. HDFC is also gearing towards supporting a move to a low carbon economy and as a result, it of fers climate financing, including environmental markets, insurances, debt and equity Investments.TechnologicalThe Bank have been made some substantial efforts and investments in gathering the best technology available internationally, to build up the infrastructure for a world-class bank. The scalable and web enabled systems were opened. The Bank gives prime importance in technology and the internet as one of its key objective and has already made significant progress in web-enabling its core businesses. The Bank has succeeded in advancement of market position, expertise and technology to create a competitive advantage and build market share in each of its businesses.CONCLUSIONI am of the view that for HDFC Bank most appropriate marketing tools is SWOT analysis. As SWOT analysis is concentrating on over marketing measures of the bank including strength , weakness , opportunities and threats .on the otherhand PEST analysis focuses on external factor such as political , economical, so cial, and technological factors which may or may not affect. Since the HDFC have got numerous opportunities as well.

Comparative governance PowerPoint Presentation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Comparative governance - PowerPoint Presentation Example The necessary of the existence of government is also rejected by many because some think that government has the power and it can use it in a wrong way to exploit people. But with new entrants as the predators from other countries government is needed to have a control. The general bodies where government needs to have control are been listed below. Thus every countries government has certain regulations and laws for its citizens to control the country in a proper way and also has important role in the development of the country along with its citizens by providing them with the best available facilities and allocating the resources properly among all of them . The particular topic covers the comparison of the role of government in various society issues in three different countries UK, USA and New Zealand on various factors like judicial system, legal system etc (Baker, 2002, pp. 72–76). The comparison is done on the basis of its judicial, legal, other policies which affect the society in a big way. For UK the capital town is London and UK is the key global player in both political and military field. It has a huge impact ratio in the UN, NATO and EU (Cairns and Macleod, 2002, pp. 65-68). There is lot of differences in the legal regulations among different countries. This legal forums help each government to maintain a good environment and have a control over the crimes been conducted (Elliott and Quinn, 1998, pp. 70-75). In UK, the legal system is made and reviewed under the Act made by Parliament for the Human Rights if 1998. It has provision of law system which is common for all and has implemented a nonbinding judicial act which makes the laws common for all the citizens (Richardson, 2006, pp. 25-28). In US the laws in the federal system are made based on common English law and in the state level the laws are made taking the common law in consideration. This state law is implemented in all

Anxiety of a Preoperative Patient Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Anxiety of a Preoperative Patient - Essay Example Extensive surgery or surgery with uncertain outcomes also generates more anxiety than any surgery with a predictable course of events. Ambiguity about the outcome and unpredictability about the course, although depend on the type of the surgery and the indication for which it is done. Therefore the nursing staff that is usually in contact with such patients in the immediate preoperative period in the preoperative area has a chance to intervene provided they can assess these patients in a systematic manner for the experienced perioperative stress leading to elevated anxiety scores of these patients. Perioperative nurses are specially trained to do so, and they must find out time to intervene in these patients even in the preoperative area to deal with these patients' emotional distress. If the positive outcome of the care is the goal of care delivery, these interventions can change the emotional status of these patients in such a manner that the relationship between preoperative psych ological status and postoperative recovery of these patients is positively influenced (Stirling, 2006). The most common nursing diagnoses that require intervention from the nurses in this period are anxiety that may be partly related to knowledge deficit, but also partly contributed by the context and the environment. Therefore, the knowledge about the surgical procedure and the patient assessment findings can be combined to make an appropriate plan of care in such situations. It is to be remembered that every patient have their own perspectives of anxiety, and hence assessment and consequent plan of care should be individualized based on specific patient needs. A patient who needs surgery and is waiting for the in preoperative area may be surrounded by a sense of impending doom for the imminent surgery, and a nursing diagnosis of preoperative anxiety needs nursing intervention in that period only. Many of the incidents of anxiety result from patient knowledge deficits related to perioperative routine, surgical interventions, or outcome expectations (Stirling, 2006). Contextual assessment process would examine and assess the patient's knowledge about the surgery. Thus, the assessment must include the status and quality of communication the patient has already received, the patient's possible language barrier, assessment of sufficiency of the patient's mental capacity, extent of information received by the patient regarding the surgical procedure and why it is needed. Since most of the anxiety in this phase id related to the ignorance about the details of the surgical intervention and outcome expectations, the patient's level knowledge regarding those must be assessed in simple questions, so the nurse can design a customized intervention strategy and create the baseline communication link for future interventions before the surgery following this contextual assessment. This assessment should ultimately be able to determine the patient's learning needs and based on these needs, to design an intervention to fulfill the patient's knowledge deficits a ppropriate to the etiology of it (Mitchell, 2000). The environment plays a significant role in perioperative nursing, and the operating area environment has significant impact on all such patients. The perioperative nurse also is a part of the environment, and she can indeed catalyze a positive environment that can influence the patient's anxiety. While assessing anxiety,

Ibrahim4 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Ibrahim4 - Essay Example There lacks a rule in Nebraska on the right of privacy. The Nebraska legislature has not stipulated a right of privacy by statute. The Nebraska court lacks the mandate in ruling over such a right unless the state’s legislature confers such a right to the state’s judicial legislature. Carson’s first cause of action would clearly state a claim in most state jurisdictions (OpenJurist). The Nebraska jurisdiction, however, does not provide a right to privacy. Judging by the Nebraska law, the plaintiff case would still get over ruled. Due to the complexity of the case at hand pitting Carson and the National bank, the court finds it hard to provide a ruling but rather infer on past cases with similar complaints (OpenJurist). The court remains aware that there may be truth behind the plaintiff’s complaint in regard to his right to privacy. However, the court lacks the mandate to make a ruling since there is lack of legislation in regards to the right of privacy. It is likely that the National Bank will win the case due to a lack of legislation in Nebraska. The case gets left for legislative determination

Sicko by Michael Moore Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Sicko by Michael Moore - Essay Example Its runtime is 113 minutes and its language is English. The documentary is an interesting one since it comes from the directorial stint of Michael Moore who is a name unmatched globally. He has been known to producer similar movies and documentaries in the past, which have taken a gibe at the American President George W. Bush in more ways than one. At the same time, the movie turns out to be pretty entertaining as well and hence makes all the more reason for an ordinary person to watch it to know better about the prevalent healthcare regimes within United States. (Fengkov, 2007) The movie presents different facts related with this industry, which might at times look a bit biased more than anything else. The movie has a typical Michael Moore style and aims to project the different shortcomings which are present within the very system nonetheless. It contains a lot of sarcastic remarks as well as wit which suggests that he has directed his guns towards the said system as well as the American President who is running the show within the lengths and breadths of the American nation. Some people have suggested that Sicko has just touched the surface level of the problems which have haunted the very system within the country. Others are of the view that Moore should have gone much deeper than where he already has. Sicko has aimed to take a strong stance on the American drug companies and the like. Some critics suggest that he has made use of people who are in distress and portrayed them in a manner which makes them look real bad. In other words, Moore has used people with their ailments and distressing situations which are ethically wrong at the end of the day. This kind of criticism is being raised left, right and center since freedom of expression does come part and parcel with such movies and Moore must take the same in his stride in a head on manner all said and done. Sicko took two years to get completed and

Critical Review on Shelby Lee Adams's Photography Essay

Critical Review on Shelby Lee Adams's Photography - Essay Example His works have also been published in two volumes. The photography of Shelby Lee Adams presents people in their normal lives and environment capturing their way of life. Adams has captured people in their families showing the importance of family. The photography of Shelby Lee Adams has captured a representational and hegemonic way of thinking about the Appalachian community. For instance, the photographs reveal information about poverty, family life and illiteracy. Most of Adams’ photography shows the subjects in their real world situations enjoying the attention from the camera. The manner in which Adams captures his subjects reveals a lot about them. He has captured the social life of his subjects in a clear manner. Adams’ pictures promote a hegemonic way of thinking about poverty in Appalachian society. The photographs present subjects and families that seem to be in consensus with their poor conditions. His pictures show large extended families that live in primiti ve conditions especially in rural places. For example, the picture that shows the Napier family in 1989 show two old people with three other young adults. Napier family, 1989 The picture clearly shows that the Napier family is poor. The look of their dresses reveals that there are not rich families. For example, one of the sons, standing next to the father, on the left side of the photo has no shirt. He has a pair of trousers that is dirty and has sticky substances at the knees. The wall where they are standing is old with worn out wood pieces. The viewer cannot tell whether the photo was taken in the house or outside judging by the poor conditions around the subjects. The faces of these people show a smile clearly meant for the camera moment. These photos present the sad picture of the Appalachian community from the 1950s to the 1990s. They show the poverty and dilapidated conditions

Gender, Folklore, Inequality Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Gender, Folklore, Inequality - Essay Example As stated earlier modern society has diversified in the categorization of human sexual orientations. The matter has affected gravely the state of law, politics and even religion. Initially, the only recognized group to emerge was homosexuals. These are the gay and the lesbians. However, some groups chose to sort of break away from the mainstream stereotype by including a more inclusive abbreviation like L.G.B.T.Q.I.A. this category includes the homosexuals for lesbian and gay, the bisexual, the transgender, the queer, the intersex and the asexual. The term transgender in definition means a person who does not identify with the normal sexual orientations of male or female. In the USA, many cases exist of people who were born male identifying themselves as females and the same applies to females. The matter has bred such controversy and discussions to the extent of affecting the law. One such example was in a case in Colorado. The child Coy Mathis was born a boy but wore pink dresses and wished people to refer to her as a girl. While in kindergarten the school’s administration prohibited her from using the girl’s bathroom and instead to use a gender-neutral bathroom. The parents pulled her out of the school soon after. This case has been at the heart of a legal issue. Colorado’s anti-discrimination laws protect transgender people and this is why this case received much public attention. Southern Comfort was a compelling story that focused on the discrimination people of different sexual orientations from the norm suffer.

The Plan for Growth and Stability of The Organization Essay - 12

The Plan for Growth and Stability of The Organization - Essay Example The approach allows for creativity. In turn, it leads to the efficient use of resources. This is necessary because there is not an endless supply of resources. In addition, resources have a cost component. The organization is well established in the economy. The organization has to face a reality. The reality has three components. They are unfreezing, changing and refreezing. The unfreezing has occurred. The organization has realized that the business world is different. This is evident by the engaging of MBA activity. This requires considering new leadership. Julius the leader holds an MBA. There is no indication that such a qualified person has been here before. This is a major step forward. It must have come with great anxiety. The anxiety has been hard to the top decision makers. They would of necessity have to be willing to give up control. This is true even if it is only a nominal act. The membership below will be aware of the wind of change whether real or apparent. This reality has obviously created some trauma or pain to the people who work in the organization. The pain will be in differing degrees. The degrees are affected by such factors as the ability to leave the organization. The decision to leave has to do with one's ability to do better if the leaving decision is made. In most cases, people would want to stay. They would like life to be better. This trauma and healing aspect is very real. It may be denied. Julius must pay attention to this reality. Julius must realize it also will impact his seniors. Changing is the aspect as to what needs to be done. There will be concepts. There is the plan as to the implementation of the concepts. There will be the measurement of the impact ahead of time. This should be a conditioning process. It is necessary to put in the required amount of time necessary. Refreezing will occur when the plans are in place.

Critical Analysison a study-Cancer cachexia- omega 3 benefits Essay

Critical Analysison a study-Cancer cachexia- omega 3 benefits - Essay Example he ability to assimilate nutrients for body-building is being compromised at the same time that the underlying disease is causing diminished appetite leading to poor feeding. Unlike primary protein energy malnutrition (which occurs in anorexia nervosa or kwashiorkor/marasmus), cachexia is induced by disease conditions. With primary protein energy malnutrition, the problem is one of inadequate nutritional intake. But in cachexia, the issue is that patients, regardless of the adequacy of nutritional intake, have abnormally accelerated disposition of nutrients, hence a negative balance of metabolism results (Fearon and Moses, 2002). Inflammatory processes are involved in secondary PEM which are absent in primary PEM, and while primary PEM can be reversed by bolstering nutrient intake, the same benefit cannot be obtained in secondary PEM. In primary PEM there is faster loss of adipose tissue than that of lean body mass, but the loss is equally from both compartments in cachexia. Skeletal muscle loss is a feature that is peculiar to the cachexic state (Tisdale, 2003). Previous laboratory and clinical studies have shown that omega-3 fatty acids, especially eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and EPA-containing supplements demonstrate molecular anti-inflammatory activity which is relevant to the attenuation of cachexia, in both humans and animal models. However, past results from multiple studies have been equivocal in their findings, and this study aims to elicit independent objective evidence in favour of or against the proposition that EPA confers significant benefit in arresting the progress of cachexia in affected patients. Yes. There was inadequate discussion of the basis for their using the type of EPA preparations they used, as opposed to other available types. The authors could also have done a better job of reviewing the literature on the mechanistic aspects of how cachexia develops and what bearing this information will have on the approach they used for their

Effects of Prostitution Essay Example for Free

Effects of Prostitution Essay Ones adolescent stage is viewed as innocent and pure. However, a multi-million dollar industry within our world strips teens from their youth and leaves them fighting for their lives. Children as young as 10 are working the streets as their life style revolves around prostitution. United States of America implies an image that any individual can live a life filled with money. However, not everyone reaches this â€Å"American Dream†. Those who were not born into money know the hardships of the streets and the feeling of desperation and loneliness. Societies youth fall victim to prostitution as an ttempt to fill a void within their lives. Their bodies become the product of their new found income. Media avoids revealing the truth about teen prostitution and many individuals within society show little interest nor sympathy towards them. Unfortunately, many view teen prostitution as a crime and those who are involved in teen prostitution are referred to as criminals. However, society is incapable of seeing beyond stereotypes. Teen prostitutes fall victim to countless obstacles that have taken place within their personal life in which lead them to be stripped from their innocence and forced to sell their odies in order to survive. In a world that revolves around money, sex, and drugs, these teens become vulnerable to STDs and put themselves in situations in which can be life threatening. Read more:  Effects of Prostitution Both sexes undergo intensive psychological damage while prostituting and feel as if it is impossible to escape from the world they have so willingly ran to. In Joan J. Johnsons, Teen Prostitution, Johnson evaluates Americas youth and the connection with the rapid increase in teen prostitutes and the reasons why teens choose this path. Majority of youths enter the life style of a prostitute due to growing up in busive homes, feeling neglected, or have been dealing with money struggle to support their drug habit. Evidently, throughout Johnsons analysis she reveals a solution on how to prevent our youths from resulting to prostitution, her answer involves a prevention plan. Through statistics, articles, and personal stories, Johnson successfully unravels the truth behind why teens end up on the streets and the outcome of this social problem. Joan J. Johnsons, Teen Prostitution is structured into ten chapters. Within her novel Johnson goes into depth and evaluates the cause, process, and outcome of teens who urn to prostitution. Statistics have shown that an estimate of 400,000 teens enter the world of prostitution. According to Johnsons research: All but 5 percent of todays teenage prostitutes have been violently physically abused, many by their own parents. All but 15 percent have been coerced into having incestuous sexual relations with their families members [ ] 5 percent have been sexually abused by other people not in the immediate family. Finally only 2 percent come from families that have remained intact with both natural parents still leaving at home. ( Johnson 12) It is clear that societies youths feel the need to escape as a result to the feeling of betrayal from family members. However, studies have shown that not all teens fall victim to extensive abuse or betrayal. Some choose this life style or have fallen in love with their pimps. These types of situations prevent the teen from leaving this form of activity. Johnson provides a study by Dr. Michael Braizerman from the University of Minnesota to back up her theory. Dr. Braizerman states that pimps use manipulation and persuasion to keep these females and sometimes males hooked on prostituting. Some of these tactics include drug addiction and dependency. Pimps target those who are socially awkward, and unattractive, then these pimps navigate themselves into this individuals life and makes them believe there is something better along side them and there business. Johnson stresses how abused children would rather sell their bodies than stay within a home where they feel abandoned and where they are surrounded by violence. Therefore, teens take drastic measures and find themselves on the streets, barely clothed, and turning tricks for a few dollars. In Elaine Landaus, On the Streets, Landau reveals hat around 85 percent of those who run away from there abused parents are most likely to become involved in prostitution. In a global scale approximately 2 million teens run away each year and 20 percent of these teens become full-time prostitutes. It is clear that with Johnsons collected data she declares that abused teens not only face psychological hardships, but they are most likely to take part in hard-core prostitution. These teens have now formed dependency among there pimps and â€Å"sugar daddies†. Johnson goes into depth when discussing the forms of abuse that can ultimately destroy a hild and force them to grow up into the world of prostitution. Johnson demonstrates four forms of abuse that can take place within ones childhood and adolescent stage. One of Johnsons evidence for why teens result to prostituting is because most of these teenagers have originated from abusive homes. An abusive home can include parents that show little to no interest to their offspring or can be considered as irresponsible towards their family duties. When abuse takes places it leaves the victim vulnerable and unable to defend for themselves. Physical abuse involves a parent using their fists or hysical object. Johnson explains tha t physical abuse has been ignored by society for decades. However, its internal damage is hard to ignore. Evidence collected proved that females were more accountable for physical abuse rather than males. Seventy-five out of a hundred female prostitutes have admitted to being abused by a male father figure in their childhood. Joan J. Johnson says, â€Å"Most often, youths are â€Å"put down† as failures, weaklings, and unwanteds. † (Johnson 51). Successfully Johnson was able to show how emotional abuse can also impact children and force them to make choices that will ffect their lives forever. Through verbal abuse, children begin to lack self-esteem and begin to believe everything that their parents call them, having them helpless and incapable of accomplishment. Children who face sexual abuse use endure this from a very young age. Johnson states that sexual abuse could be the main reason why teens lash out and become prostitutes. Johnson refers to this form of abuse as, â€Å"the fastest growing category of family-violence cases. † (Johnson 52). Johnson proves that sexual abuse can range from an age as early as three and can continue until the child leaves home. Joans final form of abuse is considered as incest. According to Johnson incest involves a child that is being sexually abused by a member within their own family. Evidently Johnsons claim on the affects of abuse within ones childhood proves that no matter the form of abuse, it leaves the victim with psychological damage. These victimized children see no other way and are convinced it is their duty to submit themselves. Johnson states that years of sexual abuse forces the victim to allow others to sexually abuse them as well. Clearly a pattern begins to take its shape and these victimized teens see no other option but to flee to the streets since they were betrayed by those who were meant to care, protect, and nurture them. With any form of abuse comes along the higher percentage that these victims of abuse or rape will soon turn into teen prostitutes. The term neglect is frequently used by Johnson within her novel, as she evaluates the structure within ones home and the neglect that these teenage victims are forced to overcome. Johnson states that, â€Å"Many come from homes charged with tension. † (Johnson 44). Along with tension comes arguments, unhappiness, and abandonment. Neglect usually starts from a troubled home. These troubled homes occasionally include a family member who possesses a drug or alcohol addiction. Johnson provides her readers evidence to support her theory, as a result about 70 percent of teen prostitutes claimed to have watched their families crash and burn through divorce or separation. The author then declares that once a family is shattered, the victims life undergoes countless challenges. Neglect is shown towards the child as neither parent feels the need to care for their offspring. This leaves the child to wonder for a father or mother figure. In order to fill the void of attention and care, these teens find hope within their pimps and fellow prostitutes. In their eyes, this type of relationship is the best they can receive and the closest to a family. Ken Magid, chief of psychological services at Golden Medical Clinic in Colorado said that â€Å"few children are ever able to trust others or form intimate, deep relationships. † Due to all the traumatic stress and neglect provided by their families these teens will become un-attached to reality. Many of these teen prostitutes were forced to grow up at a very young age, due to the lack of a parent figure. The outcome of a troubled home results in a child having to facing drug or alcohol abuse, or form a mental illness. Alongside neglect, disappointment, and rejection comes the terms of a â€Å"runaway†, â€Å"throwaway†, and â€Å"foster care runaways†. Each form have demonstrated neglect in one way or another from a family member or parent figure in which forces these teens to run from their problems and seek salvation. Johnson refers to a runaway as a teen who chooses to leave their home, whether it be due to abuse or neglect. Statistics has shown that the longer an individual stays on the streets, the more likely they will turn to prostitution and avoid returning home. According to Joan J. Johnson, family troubles are the main reason why runaways occur within America. Unlike a runaway whom chooses to leave their troubled home, a throwaway is given no choice and thrown out by their guardian. Johnson uses a study collected by a U. S Senate committee that states that families kick their children out before they are capable of fending for themselves. These parents refuse to take their children back into their homes due to a mental illness or he fact that they are unable to cope with them any longer. Johnson successfully demonstrates the change that has occurred within the United States in the last few decades. It is clear that decades before our time, extended family would usually step in if a relative was in needed or neglected by their own intimate family. However, Johnson has acknowledged that as time has passed our so called extended family have begun to isolate themselves and move farther away with little to no communication. Therefore, with no help from relatives, these throwaways are left with no other choice then to sell the nly thing they have to offer, their bodies. Majority of teen prostitutes have originated through the foster care system. Johnson recognized that most of these teens were put into foster care due to being in neglected homes. However, evidently these teens were already damaged mentally and physically that it was too late to save them from prostituting. On the other hand Johnson adds that the foster care system can also share the blame in pursuing a teen to runaway and turn to prostituting. Even with support from social workers and foster parents, some of these children are scarred to the point where they reject any orm of relationship. Johnson lashes out against the media and blames the media for putting a negative light against foster parents and the foster care system in general. Due to the perspective of the media, many teens view the streets as a more safer gateway in comparison to the foster care system. Despite the fact that if these teens are runaways or throwaways, they have been forced down a path in which no soul should be forced to go down. Abusive homes and neglect forces a teen to end up on the streets. However, drugs and money are the reasons why some of our youths stay. The drug world is a multi-million dollar industry and is sed by pimps to secure their prostitutes and ensure they continue their business. Johnson stresses the use of drugs and its important role in the prostitution world. Pimps offer drugs to their prostitutes and manipulate them into thinking that it is a form of an escape. After a drug addiction is formed, Johnson says, â€Å"drugs have long been used to create dependencies that entrap male and female prostitutes, keeping them working, passive, and obligated in order to support their habits. † (Johnson 96). Pimps have developed strategies that ensure their prostitutes loyalty to their business. Once again, Johnson compares the past and present. She identifies the drug abuse that occurred in the past in comparison to recent years. Johnson states that in the past pimps were the ones who introduced teens to drugs and addiction. However, times have changed and now teens have already experimented with drugs long before entering the streets. It is clear that many teens turn tricks just to support their drug addiction. Johnson claims that as a teens drug addiction worsens the harder it is to resist prostituting. Not only do drugs pursue a teen to prostitute, but money does as well. Money is the key attribute for survival and like any other human being, it is viewed as a necessity.

The Purpose Of Transformational Leadership

The Purpose Of Transformational Leadership What is leadership? In the world today, people are getting neglect of the word leadership and abuse the power of the leadership. Few examples of abuse power such as screaming at staff, threatening the staff, setting excessive expectation and demands from staff. When leaders are not using their power correctly, it might lead to a way of bullying. Leadership is a motivating process whereby he or she influences a group to achieve a common goal (Williams McWilliams 2010). Good leaders help the team and direct them to the right way, when the team members feel motivated by their leaders, eventually they will try their best and contribute themselves in their own team. There are many types of leadership, the aim of this essay is to determine the difference between transformational leadership and transactioanl leadership. Transformational leadership define as an approach where it brings changes in a group or team. It is carried out by motivating members of the group to achieve beyond what they could otherwise do. The purpose of transformational leadership is to change and improve a team and transform into a better team to perform better in their work. Besides managing daily work, a transformational leader also work their strategies out for their team to a better performance and success. Transformational leadership is positively related to performance (Jens Rowold, Anette Rohmann, 2009) Transformational leaders also set their targets to push their work team to a greater performance stages and in the time giving chances for personal and professional improvement for all members. A transactional leader motivates subordinates by exchanging rewards for services rendered ( Ming Alan 1990 ). In the other hand, transactional leadership is define as an approach where it requires an exchange process between the leader and followers. Rewards will be awarded to all members who excel in their performance and punishments will given to poor performers. A transactional leader uses disciplinary power and an appropriate amount of rewards to boost team members performance for the best result. Transactional point out that leaders motivate their followers by replacing their results with rewards. Transactional leaders usually only care and make sure everything goes successfully. Transactional leadership is positively related to performance (Jens Rowold, Anette Rohmann, 2009) Transformational leadership and transactional leadership are very important for leading a team to success. Transformational leadership are the point to strategic development of a business and helps to reach to success via the team-building skills and the vision of the leader. Transactional leader gives different benefit depends on their capability. Transactional leader deal with all the informations that collected together to set up a strong and powerful fame in a marketplace and yet maintaining the working team productivity at the best status.Burns (1978) argues that transactional leadership entails an exchange between leader and follower (Deanne et al. 1997). Followers receive certain valued outcomes (e.g. wages, prestige) when they act according to their leaders wishes (Deanne et al. 1997). The differences between transformational leadership and transactional leadership is transformational leadership offer beyond exchanges, rewards and punishment. It is said to have a closer supervisory relationship. For transactional leadership, it has a distant relationship and leaders are alert of the link between performance and reward. Other than that, transformational leadership creates a vision and may motivate followers to strive beyond what they could do, where it brings innovation whereas transactional leadership is more of a straight-forward approach by practicing standards. Moreover, transformational leadership is more active and forms new expectation in employees and transactional leadership is more responsive and the main point is dealing current problems. Furthermore, transformational leader not only stimulates employees to understand and settle the issues, it also creates a learning opportunities and motivate their employees to work smart for targets that go beyond self interest. Transactional leader encourages employees by setting aims and promising bonus for required performance. Tan Sri Anthony Francis Fernandes which also known as Tony Fernandes, is a perfect example of a transformational business leader in Malaysia. Tony Fernandes shown his transformational leadership qualities as a founder of Tune Air SDN BHD. Air Asia became successful and the best airline in asia after Tony Fernandes managing and handling it. This shows that Tony Fernandes is a great leader. The reason why Tony Fernandes is a great transformational leader because during work, he was totally commited to his followers and his business and approachable to the media. Besides that, he wore his companys official cap and T-shirt to most of the official function. He also gave his contact number to the media that he talked to and he did participated himself in an advertisement for his company. By this way he can tighten the relationship between his employees and himself. To be a good leader, brave to take a risk is not enough. Tony Fernandes also made a big changes in AirAsia. He gathered a lot of new and innovative ideas, example of travel insurance, medical care, online booking and etc. He also changed the original concept of the company and replaced with low-cost and no-frills strategy. Directly, this will lower the value of chain. Several indicators has shown that the productivity of the company was excellent compared to the other low-cost market segment company. Tony Fernandes not only fight for his company, his own benefit and his profit, he also fight for environmental friendly as well. Because of him, AirAsia was fighting against paper waste and carbon emissions. In addition, Tony Fernandes succeeded in persuading his employees to unite on his project. He invested on the new aircraft and new type of fuel-efficient Airbus 320 to pull down the cost of maintenance and fuel. Because of that, the cost of marketing was also decreased and his effectiveness of the allocating channel which led him became a good leader towards his followers. He even convince his suppliers to purchase aircraft at a lower price compare with other companies. His performance led rapidly to major profit and this made his employees in the company faithful and loyal to him. From here, this shows that he was totally gained respectful and appreciated by his followers. In overall, transformational leadership nurture the importance of team work, mutual admiration and thinking. Leader should be more intructive, directive and authoritatibe. Type of leadership being used in an organisation does not really matter, what important is how one uses its leadership to achieve its goals and how one proves their productivity, efficiency and credibility.

Corporate Social Responsibility at British Airways

Corporate Social Responsibility at British Airways Introduction This report concerns with an investigation of business ethics in British Airways (BA) and in particular an event that happened in August 2005 with its catering contractor Gate Gourmet. The main objectives of this report are:- To examine BAs approach towards Corporate Social Responsibility. To elucidate whether Gate Gourmets employees are part of BAs stakeholder or not. To explain the negative outcome To explore ethical issues involved in the practice of outsourcing. The objective of the report will be achieved by using theories and concepts of business ethics. This report will make possible a number of informative conclusions on how BA handles Corporate Social Responsibility and the particular problem with Gate Gourmet. Page: 3 BAs approach towards corporate social responsibility Corporate social responsibility (CSR): CSR is a type of corporate self regulation integrated into a business model. Superlatively, CSR policy would function as integrated, self-governing device whereby business would observe and make sure that its adherence to law, ethical standards, and international norms. Business would accept responsibility for the influence of their activities on the environment, consumers, employees, communities, stakeholders and all other members of the public. In order to weigh up the approach of Corporate Social Responsibility a well known framework has been used which was devised by Elkington (1999) called the triple-bottom line. According to triple bottom line a corporate doesnt have only one purpose that is to add economic value to their corporation but also to add environmental and social values too. Triple bottom line gives a clearer picture of what the components of sustainability actually represents in terms of a goal for business ethics by examining them separately. Social Environment Economic viable Sustainable bearable Equitable John Elkington (1998) Page: 4 Economic perspective: The economic perspective recognizes that continued growth in population, industrial activity, resource use and population could mean that standard of living would in the long run decline. A narrow belief of economic sustainability focuses on the economic performances of the corporation itself: the responsibility of management is to develop, produce and market those products that assure long term economic performance for the corporation. This includes a focus on strategies that set in motion long term rise in share price, revenue and share market rather than short term explosions of profits at the expense of long term possibility. A broader concept of sustainability would take account of the companys attitude towards bribes and building cartels. They could be regarded as economically unsustainable: they are not willing to fund the political institutional system (schools, hospitals, police and justice system) then they eat away at the key institutional basis of co rporate success. From 2000 the airline industries worldwide had been suffering from less number of passenger wanting to fly which was due to 9/11 incident, Sars epidemic and rise in the fuel costs following the war in Iraq. BAs approach towards Corporate Social Responsibility on economic is that to maintain its economic system BA has been outsourcing its services and reducing cost of personnel through redundancies and various other resources. Social perspective: This is a recent improvement in the Corporate Social Responsibility. It has come to pass from apprehension about the effect of business activities on native communities in less developed countries and regions. The addition of social contemplation has marked a move in the way ideas about sustainability were put forward. The major issue in the social perspective of sustainability is that of social justice. In spite of the remarkable advances in standards of living that many of us have enjoyed, there are growing lack of correspondence of income and wealth within many countries. In a more just an evenhanded world, living standards will lead to more economic affluence. BAs approach towards Corporate Social Responsibility on social is that it has decided to enable up to 500 applicants a year to realize their dreams through the London 2012 Great Britons Programme. Page: 5 It is aiming to raise  £1.5 million for Change for Good to help vulnerable children around the world by 2009/10. BA has plans to increase the number of collogue who donate to payroll giving by 50 percent by 2012. It will continue to work with Comic Relief and Children in Need. BA has aims to increase the number of young people participating in educational activities to 8000 per year. Environmental perspective: The notion of sustainability came into sight mainly from environmental trepidation. The fundamental principles of sustainability in the environmental perspective alarm the effective management of physical resources so that they are preserved for the future. All bio systems are regarded as having limited resources and finite capacity and hence sustainable human activity must maneuver at a level that does not threaten the health of those systems. Even at the most crucial point these distress a need to dispatch a number of significant problems like greenhouse gases from industrial plants and consumer products. BAs approach towards Corporate Social Responsibility on environmental is that it is planning to reduce Co2 emission by 50 percent by 2050.it is aiming to reduce noise per flight by 15 percent. BA has plans to recycle its waste up to 50 percent by 2010 and aims to send zero waste to landfill by 2010 across Heathrow and Gatwick. Reference: Elkington, J. (1997) http://www.britishairways.com/travel/csr-corporate-responsibility/public/en_gb It is can be concluded that BA uses or has an approach to Corporate Social Responsibilities put forward by Elkingtons Triple Bottom Line. Those can be divided into Economic, Social and Environmental. Weather Gate Gourmets employees are part of BAs stakeholder It has been made a case that contractors are not legitimate stakeholders for a client. On the other hand in order to find out whether this is the case; the concept of salience of stakeholders will be used. There are three factors that consider the salience of stakeholder and they are Power, Legitimacy and Urgency. Page: 6 Power: it is the apparent capacity of a stakeholder to influence organizational action. Legitimacy: whether the organization perceives the stakeholders actions as desirable, proper, or appropriate. Urgency: The extent to which stakeholder demand are professed to call for immediate attention. Reference: Mitchell, R.K, Agle, B.R., and Wood, D.J. (1997) Gate Gourmet had been losing  £1.5 million a day due to the new contract put forward by BA which had very tough terms. Because of this Gate Gourmet decided to employ new staff on lower wages. So, on 10 August 2005 when 120 new employees were brought in the company the existing workers decided to go on strike while the trade union representatives went to talk to the management. But after three minutes the management of the Gate Gourmet sacked 700 staff without negotiating with the employees. The very following day BAs baggage handling staff at Heathrow airport went on one day strike grounding 700 flights and more than 100,000 passengers in BAs global network. It was nothing to do with BA but the reason of the strike was because BAs suppliers of in-flight meal Gate Gourmet had sacked 600 of its employee who had relatives in the BAs baggage handling staff. BA termed this walkout technically illegal and refused to pay the strikers wages and workers went back to their duty only after on ly a one day strike. On the other hand this incident brought bad reputation to BAs global operation and also lost cost of more than  £60 million. After a lengthy and controversial talks and negotiations BA decided to revise its supply contract with Gate Gourmet on better terms. Gate Gourmet had been losing  £1.5 million a day due to the tough terms put forward by BA but they could do nothing to make BA revise its terms. It shows that Gate Gourmet have no ability to influence the action of BA.(Power) BA didnt take any interest to the Gate Gourmets case and refused to pay its workers on strike and thought stakeholders actions as undesirable, improper and inappropriate. (legitimacy) Page: 7 BA didnt try to solve its stakeholders (Gate Gourmet) immediately but took lengthy and controversial talks to revise its terms. BA didnt show any urgency to solve its stakeholders problem. (urgency) Reference: WWW.guardian .co.uk Therefore I conclude that BA is not a legitimate stakeholder according to the concept of Salience of stakeholder. The negative outcome Mendelow created a stakeholder analysis chart for mapping stakeholders power over the corporate and the interest the corporate has over his stakeholder. STAKEHOLDER ANALYSIS Low Interest High Minimum effort keep informed A B Keep satisfied key players C D Low Power interest matrix POWER High Mendelow (1991) Chart of Stakeholder Analysis Page: 8 Segment A represents that the stakeholder has low power which means that the stakeholder has less ability to influence organizational goal and the corporate has less interest in the stakeholder. That is why the corporate puts minimum effort to satisfy the stakeholder. Segment B represents that the stakeholder has low power and cannot influence the corporate goal but the corporate has high interest on the stakeholder because the stakeholder in segment B can be important allies in influencing the attitude of more powerful stakeholder through lobbying. Thus the corporate keep informed about its shareholder. Segment C represents that the stakeholder has high power and can influence the corporate goal but the corporate has less interest in the stakeholder. As the stakeholder is powerful the corporate tries to keep the shareholders satisfied. Segment D represent that the stakeholder has high power and can easily influence the goal of the corporate and the chart also shows that the corporate also has high interest on its stakeholder. The stakeholder has high power and the corporate also has high interest in them so they are a key player to the corporate. Reference: Mendelow, A. (1991) in Johnson, G., Scholes, K. and Whittington, R. (2005) Gate Gourmet had been losing  £1.5 million a day due to the new contract put forward by BA which had very tough terms. As Gate Gourmet couldnt make BA revise its term we can say that Gate Gourmet has low power. Because of this Gate Gourmet decided to employ new staff on lower wages and the existing employee of Gate Gourmet went on strike opposing the decision made by the management. The management sacked 700 staff without negotiating but BA remained quiet during this course of event. It shows that BA has low interest in Gate Gourmet and thus had put no effort in getting involved in the Gate Gourmet situation. Page: 9 When 600 employees were sacked by Gate Gourmet the relatives of the sacked employee who were in the BAs baggage handling in the Heathrow went on strike on support of their colleague. Due to this strike 700 flights and more than 100,000 passengers were grounded. This compelled BA to revise its supply contract with Gate Gourmet on better terms. Hence, in this way Gate Gourmet became a key player from minimum effort. Referencecorporatw: www.guardian.co.uk Ethical issues involved in the practice of outsourcing. Problems with Outsourcing: According to Sheffi (2005) companies should never rely on only one contractor and in case of BA, it should have used more than one caterer or the relationship should have been closer so that it could have known more about what the contractor is doing. Some organization, like banks have been disapproved of for poor customer support from outsourced Indian call centers. Also Nike and Gap have been bothered over the sweat shops allegedly operated by some of their suppliers. Outsourcing an activity does not mean it is no longer an organizations problem. And according to Emmelhainz and Adams (1999), there is a shift towards global supply and competition and individual firms appear to be faced with the outlook of an extended chain of responsibility. Once it was perfectly satisfactory to argue that the ethics of an organizations suppliers, or a firm influence on its competitors, was simply not any of its business, this no longer seems to be the case. Hence, corpora tions have to take their ethical responsibilities much more largely; as a result, the supply chain has to be used as a means of expression for ethics management and regulation. Page: 10 Carolls Model (1991) Economic responsibilities: Companies have shareholders who require a reasonable return on their investments, they have employees who want safe and fairly paid jobs, they have customers who insist good quality products at a fair price, etc. This is by definition the motivation why businesses are set up in society and so the first task of business is to be properly functioning economic unit and to stay in business. This first layer of Carrolss model is the basis for all the successive responsibilities, which rest on this solid basis. According to Carroll (1991), the satisfaction of economic responsibilities is thus required of all corporations. From 2000 the airline industries worldwide had been suffering from less number of passenger wanting to fly which was due to 9/11 incident, Sars epidemic and rise in the fuel costs following the war in Iraq. So, BA outsourced its service (in flight meal served by Gate Gourmet) to reduce its cost and to increase its profitability. The ethical issue of outsourcing regarding economical responsibilities is that it helps to give shareholders a reasonable return, its employees a safe and fairly paid job and satisfy the customers needs. Legal responsibilities: Laws are the codification of societys moral views. For example Microsoft has had to face an antitrust case for abusing its monopolistic position. Page: 11 To outsource cheap labour if a company brings illegal immigrants than it is illegal. Every firm has to follow societys moral view. Ethical Responsibility: These responsibilities compel corporations to do what is right, just and fair even when they are not compelled to do so by the legal framework. For example it was legal to dispose of an oil rig in the sea but was it ethical? Gate Gourmet had been losing  £1.5 million a day due to the new contract put forward by BA which had very tough terms. Because of this Gate Gourmet decided to outsource new staff on lower wages. So, on 10 August 2005 120 new employees were brought in the company which made the existing employees insecure. So they went on a strike but they sacked 700 staff without negotiating with them. Outsourcing must not be use only to fulfill the economic responsibilities of a firm but also try to think ethically by not being unfair and unjust to its employees as the Gate Gourmet. Philanthropic Responsibility: The word Philanthropic is derived from the Greek word which means love of the fellow human. According to this proposal in a business context, the mock-up incorporates activities that are within the corporations judgment to improve the quality of life of employees, local communities and ultimately society in general. This feature of CSR addresses a great range of topic, including things such as charitable donations, the building of recreation facilities for employees and their families, support for local schools or subsidizing of art and sports events. According to Carrolls (1991), philanthropic responsibilities are consequently purely preferred of corporations without being estimated or required, making them less important than the other three categories. References: Emmelhainz, M.A and Adams R.J(1999) A. Crane and D.Matten (2007) www.guardian.co.uk Page: 12 By outsourcing its services BA has increased its profitability but it is also involved with many non profitable organizations which helps the society. In this way outsourcing can fulfill firms Philanthropic Responsibility. So I conclude that ethical issues involved in the modern practice of outsourcing are economic responsibilities, legal responsibilities, ethical responsibilities and philanthropic responsibilities.

Which heroine do you prefer and how do events throughout the books :: Free Essay Writer

Which heroine do you prefer and how do events throughout the books affect your opinion of them - Bridget Jones and Emma. Which heroine do you prefer and how do events throughout the books affect your opinion of them. The two heroines, Bridget Jones and Emma are obviously quite different in their attitudes to love and society as a whole. However, I think that in ways they are both likeable characters. The events that occur through the novels have an effect on the reader's opinions of the heroines and can weaken or strengthen these opinions. Austen and Fielding both use humour in the books well which is probably why the heroines are both seen as being comical at times or as is the case in 'Bridget Jones' Diary', more often than not. In Jane Austen's novel 'Emma', the heroine Emma is introduced to the reader at the very beginning of chapter 1. We instantly form an opinion of Emma as she is described as, "handsome, clever and rich, with a comfortable home and happy disposition and had lived nearly twenty-one years with very little to distress or vex her." The reader forms an opinion that Emma has a pampered lifestyle. We also learn she is a keen matchmaker and brought together her governess Miss Taylor with Mr Weston. I think the reader would perceive Emma to be very interested in her friend's lives and perhaps even a little meddling in them. The reader is also informed of 'the real evils of Emma' being "the power of having rather too much her own way, and a disposition too think a little too well of herself". I think that the reader would not particularly like Emma because she seems to be too self-assured and interested in other people's business at this stage. However, the reader is often told of Emma as being a compassionate character by the way she talks about Mr Weston, but this could also be viewed as quite patronising as well, "Mr Weston is such a good-humoured, pleasant, excellent man, that he thoroughly deserves a good wife" I then began to feel that Emma believed the matchmaking was for her friend's benefit and not herself. Although she did speak in patronising way about Mr Weston I do not think Emma realised how often she made it seem that she felt herself superior to her friends by patronising them. Emma could also be described as naÃÆ'Â ¯ve or foolish. She often involves herself too much in the lives of other and consequently tries to force relationships that were never meant to be, such as that between Mr Elton and Harriet Smith.

Organizational Leadership versus Management Essay -- Leader Manager es

When in a leadership role I don’t like to consider myself as a boss, but a mentor. I don’t want my employees to see me as a boss but as a guide for further learning and success. Today’s managers are not leaders, they are people in charge and nothing more. They don’t necessarily have the skills to lead, don’t get me wrong they may be a very good manager. However, they are only managing and not setting an example as a leader for the employees of an organization. An organization has the greatest chance of being successful when all of the employees work toward achieving its goals. Since leadership involves the exercise of influence by one person over others, the quality of leadership exhibited by supervisors is a critical determinant of organizational success. Supervisors study leadership in order to influence the actions of employees toward the achievement of the goals of the organization. Supervisors can learn about leadership through research. One of the reading assignments said leadership studies can be classified as trait, behavioral, contingency, and transformational. Earliest theories assumed that the primary source of leadership effectiveness lay in the personal traits of the leaders themselves. Yet, traits alone cannot explain leadership effectiveness. Later research focused on what the leader actually did when dealing with employees. These behavioral theories of leadership would explain the relationship between what the leaders did and how the employees reacted, bot...

Science Toy :: essays research papers

My toy, is a toy car that bounces and also drives forward and in reverse. It is called â€Å"Hop-Along-Impala†. I built it by taking a toy car that I owned, which already hopped in front and back by using a series of toothed gears connected to a motor. Then I went and bought another motor so I could make the car go forward and hop and go in reverse and not hop. I first took a pair of wire cutters and cut off a piece of plastic attached to the rear wheels so it would disable them from bouncing. Then I took a hot glue gun and glued the piece of plastic, that I previously cut off, on so that the wheels would remain level. Then I glued the motor that I attached to the other motor and glued it close to the tire so that it would make contact so that the wheel would turn.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When I push the button on the remote up the car moves forward because when I push it, it completes a circuit so electrons can flow, thus sending power to the motors in the car. That is how power gets from the batteries to the motors in the car. But how does a battery work? A battery has a negative electrode and a positive electrode. An electrolyte paste separates the two electrodes and causes a chemical reaction between them. This reaction causes a current to flow and electrons move through a conductor that connects the positive and negative electrodes.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When the power get to the motors, they convert the electrical energy into mechanical energy. Inside the motors a current is passed through the armature and a torque is made by a magnetic reaction, and the armature spins. The action of the commutator and the connections of the field coils of motors are the same as those used for generators. The revolution of the armature induces a voltage in the armature windings. This induced voltage is opposite in direction to the outside voltage applied to the armature, and thus is called back voltage or counter electromotive force.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When the car is bounced up onto the air, it falls down because of gravity. Gravity is the force that everything on earth possesses and it tends to draw objects closer to one another. Gravity is one of the four fundamental forces of nature. Unlike electromagnetism, gravity doesn’t have repulsive

From her arrival in 1568, Mary Stuart posed a major threat to the security of Elizabeth and her government

Mary's arrival in England triggered the discontent among some Catholic sympathisers to become prevalent, as Mary provided a clear leader to focus their religious dissatisfactions with the moderately Protestant settlement imposed by Elizabeth. This is why religious motivations behind some of the laity were the most dangerous threat from Mary. Political advantages from individuals supporting Mary are contributory factors to threaten Elizabeth, without the laity's religious motivations however they cannot amount to a crucial significance. International implications from Mary's presence were potentially huge but were never anything more than potential. All these factors revolving around Mary that threatened Elizabeth were compounded by the way Elizabeth mismanaged situations. Mary can be seen as the reaction pathway in the threat towards Elizabeth, she does not do much herself to endanger Elizabeth, however she provided the discontented with the motivation to threaten Elizabeth because she was the next Catholic heir. Those who felt discontented about Elizabeth's moderate Protestant settlement now had a clear leader to focus their ambitions of a Catholic England. The Northern Rebellion is a prime example of this religious discontent of many of the laity being focused on releasing Mary to restore Catholicism to England (5600/6000 were individuals not tenants of the landowners who would have been forced into fighting). The reason why this is the paramount threat to Elizabeth is because of the number of people who had grievances against the religion and saw Mary Stuart as the way to gain their religion back. Tied into this is the political danger of those Nobles who also had Catholic sympathies but were also in a position to challenge Elizabeth i. e. he Duke of Norfolk who was under demands from Mary Stuart to gain her release from prison by force if needed. Mary was always going to be the main centre of Catholic plots against Elizabeth because she was the heir to the throne. Catholic dissatisfactions were already present before her arrival but were compounded and given direction with her arrival. Therefore Mary can be seen as the instigator behind the Catholic threat to Elizabeth. This is shown by the fact that until 1568 Elizabeth was relatively free from Catholic threats, however with the arrival of Mary Stuart the question of Elizabeth's successor arisen and the Catholic plots began. Moreover with a Catholic heir to the throne available to the Catholics in England then Elizabeth's life was under increased threat. This is because the extreme Catholics were undoubtedly prepared to kill Elizabeth, their Queen, to gain their religion. After all their route to heaven or hell was controlled by Elizabeth and if she got it wrong then they would not gain salvation. This personal threat to Elizabeth is shown by the St Bartholomew's Day massacre, where French Catholics killed their Protestant King in the name of their religion. This threat is also emphasised by the assassination of William of Orange by Dutch Catholics. Mary behaves like a catalyst in the Catholic threat to Elizabeth, without her the plots that surrounded her would have no meaning because there is nobody to restore Catholicism for them. However as Mary was in England then repeats of what had happened in France and Spain to Protestant leaders similar to Elizabeth could also happen. Politically Mary Stuart provides an alternative for those Nobles who were not content with their position under Elizabeth. Nobles who were isolated from power under Elizabeth may see supporting Mary Stuart as a way to gain power in court or getting back positions that they had deprived under Elizabeth. Example of these nobles includes the Earl of Northumberland who under Elizabeth had his wardship of the Middlemarch deprived. This plan by Elizabeth to decrease the power of the magnates in the North had loosened the allegiance between Elizabeth and nobles such as Northumberland to such an extent that they saw taking a risk on Mary Stuart as being more advantageous than serving under Elizabeth an having their power and prestige slowly eaten away. Once again Mary has not done anything herself to threaten Elizabeth but inversely her position as heir to the throne has attracted supporters who are willing to threaten Elizabeth, therefore Mary is the main pathway for Catholic threats. Tied in with the threats from isolated Nobles were the threats from within Elizabeth's court involving Mary Stuart, which were also very dangerous to Elizabeth. The main court intrigue was the proposed marriage between the Duke of Norfolk and Mary Stuart. This faction came to be mainly because of the fact that they wanted Elizabeth to name Mary as her heir. However this faction contained many powerful Nobles, who it seemed were plotting against Elizabeth around Mary. International threats revolving around Mary Stuart were potentially huge, especially from Spain who at that time were the major Catholic leaders in Europe. In theory it would be thought that Spain would want to support Mary Stuart onto the English throne because of her Catholicism. However because Mary Stuart was in the Guise family who controlled France and Scotland, then Spain would rather not have France effectively controlling England as well. Despite the disadvantages of Spain supporting Mary Stuart there are still examples of how Mary Stuart's presence in England gave rise to danger to the security of Elizabeth's throne from Spainish involvement, nor could Elizabeth ignore this potentially massive threat. For example the Ridolfi Plot which once again aimed to secure Mary's release and position on the English throne also included military assistance from Spain, however the plot was discovered and the troops did not come. Although the military did not come form Spain, Mary Stuart's qualities as a ruler i. e. she is Catholic, once again means that these international threats are going to see her as a means to weaken Elizabeth if not to replace her altogether. Foreign involvement centring around Elizabeth also came from France, after all Mary was half-French and therefore a clear motivation for France can be seen to control England as well. This is shown by the Throckmorton plot were the Duke of Guise was planning to lead an army to depose Elizabeth and place Mary on the throne. Although it failed it shows that Mary was the link between almost all the people who felt unhappy with Elizabeth's reign from the English laity in the North to some of the French Catholics. She united people who felt frustrated with Elizabeth's reign and those who saw advantages from supporting Mary. The security of Elizabeth's throne is definitely challenged here, although it does not go ahead, it is warning of what can happen, and foreign involvement from the leading two Catholic powers in Europe, i. e. Spain and France in supporting Mary Stuart cannot be taken lightly. Elizabeth's mismanagement of situations that may have deflated the threats aimed towards her centring around Mary Stuart made them worse. Politically Elizabeth tried to reduce the power of the magnates in the North by setting up councils. This alienated Nobles such as Northumberland from power and therefore distanced the Noble's allegiance to Elizabeth. This is a major factor in why the Revolt of the Northern Earls took place. This would not have been such a problem if not for the fact that Mary Stuart was present in England. She gave the isolated Nobles a chance to avenge their disfavour from Elizabeth. Elizabeth can also be identified in mismanaging the religious settlement to make some Catholics discontented enough to support Mary, a French women, over their own English Queen. To drive 5400 individuals to a point where they felt they had to rebel in the Northern Rebellion must have been down to something Elizabeth did. For example Elizabeth introduced the use of the Protestant prayer Book. Therefore Elizabeth created support for Mary Stuart with her own actions. This increases Mary's threat and shows that the security of Elizabeth's throne was intensified by some actions taken by Elizabeth. Elizabeth also hampered the security of her own throne by not taking the opportunities to subdue the threat from Mary. This could have easily been done by naming Mary Stuart as her heir, this would have pleased a lot of people and had a lot to commend itself. Including the fact that the Catholic threat, the main threat centring around Mary, would have decreased significantly because they would have been most likely been content with knowing that the next Monarch of England was going to restore Catholicism. However instead Elizabeth hesitated and refused to make her decision by ignoring the subject. For example during the court intrigue she refused to name her heir under significant pressure from her court. Once again Elizabeth has intensified the threat orbiting around Mary, not taking the opportunities to relieve the pressure that Mary is placing on the security of Elizabeth's throne. Mary Stuart's threat to Elizabeth not only came from the fact that she was the Catholic heir but she did have tremendous political skill and personal magnetism. This is clear to see from the way she manipulated the Duke of Norfolk into trying to secure her release. For example before the Northern Rebellion when Mary met Norfolk and she old him to get her released by force if necessary and Norfolk undoubtedly did what he was told and was involved in a number of plots to release Mary. Cecil knew about Mary's personal danger an tried to persuade Elizabeth to have her executed much earlier than she was, however Elizabeth refused, this is another example of how Elizabeth's indecision over crucial matters failed to remove the danger of Mary Stuart and is clearly linked to her mismanagement of matters as shown above. Mary Stuart's arrival in England was the instigator in many of the plots against Elizabeth. She was the turning point in the security of Elizabeth's throne, from being relatively calm pre 1568, to continuous strain on Elizabeth's throne after 1568. Mary herself was not the actual threat to Elizabeth, but she was the motivation for them. Most significantly religious threats orbiting around the fact that Mary was Catholic and placing Mary on the throne were paramount compared to all other motivations. Political factors were contributory to religion and international threats were conceivable but never got off the ground. However Mary's overall threat could have been reduced by Elizabeth but of her mismanagement. Nobody troubled Elizabeth more than Mary Stuart in her reign due to the fact that she was the Catholic heir and therefore Catholics who felt religiously dissatisfied were prompted to threaten Elizabeth.

Marketing Giant of the Desert

Palm Springs is a city in California mostly known for its great attractions and countless fun exciting things to do. In a way it's more of a Vacation Resort than anything else. Palm Springs strives off tourism, it is the most important income in the whole city after sales taxes and property taxes. Tourists visit Palm Springs mostly in the winter when everything is open to the public. During the winter is when most events in Palm Springs occur aswell. It is a city of numerous festivals, conventions, and international events. Here is a revenue list of 2009-2010 for Palm Springs.As seen taxes is one of the highest revenues. The city markets to many major segments mostly all of them have to do with tourism. They focus a lot on marketing hotels, stores for shopping, and attractions and events. Smaller segments involve marketing dining/nightlife, and accommodations. These audiences are reached through a variety of ways. It can be the internet, television, or simply word of mouth. They try very hard to make sure there offers are well known and properly displayed to the public simply because tourism is one of the major factors of the city.Some external factors the city cannot control are issues like a down economy. During a recession people worry about saving and investing money not touring. Everyone's budget is tight and during times like these Palm Springs is very much like a business, not making the sales it once was and lowering prices in order to make sure some sort of revenue keeps coming in. The city's promotional marketing is definitely seasonal, the heaviest months are during the winter when it is nice and cool. During this period all shops and attractions are open. The price is also very high during winter for anything.The lightest months are during the summer. This is due to because Palm Springs is a desert area and during summer it can reach up to 120 degrees. The city lowers prices on everything like golf, hotels, clubs, and offers all sorts of other summe r discounts. You can stay at an expensive resort for a fraction of the price it costs during winter. Here is an more accurate estimate of the weather in Palm Springs. Many years ago the city ran into a problem though, which cost them big-time in the long run. The mayor of Palm Springs stopped what was a major event in the city during Spring break.College students who usually went during Spring break stopped coming and eventually it stopped altogether. The city realized how big a mistake this was due to all the money being lost that was generated during this time span of when college students would go to Palm Springs to have a good time. They tried marketing to young adults aged 18-27 years old but it was already too late. This was probably one of the biggest mistakes the mayor made by losing a lot of revenue for the city. Palm Springs has marketed towards gay/lesbian groups more than any other group.There really was no touring place that openly invited gay people in directly and Pal m Springs recognized that. It is now one of America's top destinations for gay and lesbian travelers. There are more than two dozen hotels marketed just for gay and lesbian couples. Gays and Lesbians aren't afraid to spend money. And when they do spend money they don't just spend a little. That is one of the major reasons Palm Springs markets so many things to them. Gay people feel comfortable here especially since Palm Springs has elected its first openly gay Mayor who stood up to the former Mayor for criticizing gay events.Gay people have become the new target market for Palm Springs. They are used in advertisements to make gay people feel welcomed and appreciated. The internet plays a key role in marketing to this specific group. Most of the information we receive everyday is now given through the Internet, When someone Gay or Lesbian see's all these amazing sites and locations designated just for them they automatically have the tendency to want to go there instead of somewhere else where there afraid they might be judged.This marketing approach has also generated some problems for the city aswell. Many straight people might feel the need not to go there if they object against gay or lesbian couples. Overall the community is affected the most. Many gay and lesbian couples have moved into Palm Springs which can affect some of the older residents who have been there their whole lives and don't appreciate this change. But overall no huge problems have occurred from this marketing approach.Palm Springs wants to make sure its visitors are pleased with their stays. They conduct surveys which ask if they were happy and if not what were some common problems they were not pleased with. Through these surveys they also get to know there visitors more, those who visit Palm Springs once generally come back at least 3 times in the next 5 years. Gay visitors come back 4 times in a span of 5 years. These surveys show that gay people are overall more interested in Palm Spr ings than others.A median of spending for a person visiting Palm Springs is $900. These numbers are mostly during a high economy though when people are willing to spend. In conclusion Palm Springs works as a business, they have marketing programs which target specific groups and they operate as any other business would. Most people believe it to be just desert, filled with old people, extremely hot, and just a dead city. However Palm Springs is much more than that once you have actually went and seen it for yourself.

Analyse the effects of education on the developing countries Essay

Analyse the effects of education on the developing countries Development is one of the themes of modern society and there are a variety of elements influencing the development. Many countries experience declares that education gradually play a more and more vital role in development. Education policies which depend on the specific national conditions can lead to a different result. Overall, primary education may be a key to promote the influence including population, health and economic growth. Secondary education not only provides some skilled workers to society, but also is the foundation of higher education. When the country tries to develop the high-tech economy and to transform the social structure, the tertiary education will make a necessary and positive effect on its development. In the education system, basic education is the foundation of secondary and tertiary education. But primary education is not only a part of the education system. It is a very important element which impact on the level of mass culture, Social stability, economic development, population growth and public health. These parts and primary education are interrelated and interact on each other. It is an efficient way to develop these together and lead to a steady and rapid development of society by improving basic education. To make it clear we can put it into a chart(see appendix 1). There are 800 million illiterate adults who are very hard to find a high-income job in the earth, although the world develops rapidly. To solve this problem, universal basic education is a prime way. For example through popularize basic education farmers are able to read the instruction of fertilizer and some agriculture machine, which has an obvious effect in increase of agricultural productivity (Brown, 2008). The situation in industry is similar because of the higher efficiency. There is no doubt that mass culture level and economic growth would also get ahead because of this. In this respect, both Bangladesh and Iran can serve as models which have successful adult literacy programs (Brown, 2008). Widening gap between rich and poor is a source of instability of society (Brown, 2008), while primary education is an important way to narrow it. In most instances, especially for those countries whose rich-poor gap is it is en ormous, it is a key to improve the living standard of the poor by universal basic education. Education could also decrease the crime rate (Stephen, Linda, 2003). Therefore, the narrower Rich-poor gap can provide a steady social  surrounding in order to a better foundation for economic growth. Economic growth also has feedback in education. When government has enough money to invest to the education, the better education surrounding and higher teacher level would surely improve education, and finally reach a benign circulation. It is justification for public spending on education, because it is based on the high social rate of return. The study shows that investment of primary education can bring the highest social rate of return, followed by secondary and tertiary education (Gupta et alï ¼Å'2004) For developing countries, overpopulation is usually regarded as a basic and important problem. The increase of population would Significant bring the decrease of per capita resource, which also brings huge stress on environment and government. To solve this problem, it is a basic way to spread basic education especially for women. If girls accept more education, they would marry later, and have fewer children, which is a win-win-win situation (Plan 2008). Furthermore, they will have a higher expect and more requirements on their children. Meanwhile, they would focus more on their children’s quality instead of quantity. No doubt that this situation has a positive effect on Population quality Education also has a great effect on public health. First point, Use female education as an example, data shows that there is obvious relationship between educational attainment of mothers and mortality rates of under-5 children (Unicef, 2005). They are also more likely to have healthier children (World Bank, 2008). For the adult, once they receive more medical knowledge, the chances of infection by various diseases get significantly lower. For example, the best way to cure disease like AIDS is teach people how to prevent it. Health also has effect on education. In this aspect, Health and poverty usually work togethe r. In poor areas, children usually hungry or ill, so it is hard for them to have a good state to study. Secondary education, linking primary and tertiary, is the easiest to be undervalued. Occasionally people purely regard lower-secondary as the continuance of basic education and upper-secondary as the preparation of higher education, and the effect of secondary education itself is ignored. However, data given by the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA) and the Vienna Institute of Demography (VID) of Austrian Academy of Sciences shows that secondary education provides a big boost to economic growth in low-income countries. The annual GDP growth  rates in a country with half population in secondary and universal primary (13%) is twice as much as that in one with merely universal primary (6.5%) (Lutz et al, 2008). Another research suggests the return of secondary education is 18.2% for men and 17.0% for woman (Goh & Gopinathan, 2008). Education begins to differentiate at secondary level, upper-secondary especially. Usually secondary education is classified into academic secondary and vocational secondary. Academic secondary education is mainly pre-tertiary education and sometimes pre-vocational education. Graduates from academic secondary school are easier to find a ‘white-collar’ job, which is believed to be safe, comfortable and well-paid in Asia (Goh & Gopinathan, 2008; Holsinger & Cowell, 2000). Students in Asian are fond of academic secondary schooling due to the preference for ‘white-collar’ jobs, but all students are not suitable for academic secondary education. Vocati onal secondary schooling, which is specifically aimed at job skills, may be more beneficial to other students. Despite of low matriculate quality, many Asian countries seems still successful in vocational secondary education, Singapore for example. Since 1964, Singapore offered vocational secondary education to students who fail in entering academic secondary school. Because of vocational schooling, many of them master some basic skills, become skilled workers and find a job. When Singapore developed labor-intensive industries and were in huge demand for labor in the late 1960s and the early 1970s, vocational secondary schooling provided large quantities of workers for nation. Simultaneously, as the low mark students are matriculated in schools instead of coming into society too early, they are protected from unhealthy practices in society (Holsinger & Cowell, 2000). As vocational secondary education help people to find a work, it also decreases unemployment rate. In Africa, a good illustration of success in training programs is Zambia. Most training graduates can be employed in half a year. Unfortunately, in most of Africa where vocational training remains in low quality, graduates from training school still have difficulty in obtaining employment. Namibian for example, five years after graduation, the unemployment rate of graduates is as high as one fourth. That means vocational secondary education is ineffective when it is in poor quality (Kingombe, 2008). Like academic secondary education, vocational secondary education can also be provision for post-secondary education. In Singapore,  after four years of vocational secondary education in the Normal Technical (NT) streams, most NT students enter the Institute of Technical Education to receive ‘high-tech’ education since 1992 (Goh & Gopinathan, 2008). secondary education provides high return at low cost. Academic secondary education sometimes seems still expensive and indirect to occupation, while vocational secondary education significantly increases the quality of workforce and the employment rate. Many poor countries with a scarcity of educational resource cannot afford to invest higher education. Therefore, secondary education may be the most cost-effective choice (Lutz et al, 2008; Goh & Gopinathan, 2008; Holsinger & Cowell, 2000). Tertiary education can play a vital role in the country’s development. However, only the appropriate policy of tertiary education can make great positive effect on the development. South Korea is a good case in point. The very important prerequisites whether the policy of the tertiary education is efficient and suitable is basis: average education level; economic level and so on. Before the Korea War (1950-1953), Korea’s industrialism had just started　(Sacad and Shaw, 1990). The military force not only interrupted the industrialism, but also damaged national economic seriously, remaining the fact that Korea’s per capita gross national product (GNP) was even less than that of the poorest countries, such as Sudan. At this circumstance, South Korean government decided to encourage the massive industries and to recover the nation economic (Encyclopedia of the Nations, 2008). To achieve the goal, in the early 1960s, South Korea needed a large number of generally skilled labour　to take part in the industrialism reforming, which was the main reason why the government focused on the development of primary and secondary education in this period of time, which are talked clearly in the last paragraph. Without a solid economic and education foundation, tertiary education can never make an obvious effect on the development. Almost meanwhile, the tertiary education started to grow although the enrolment was far less than that of primary and secondary education. There two reasons why the government didn’t pay too much attention to the tertiary education. First one was the nation’s GDP per was still too low to invest the tertiary education. Second one is that people at that time didn’t receive the universal basic education. Later in the early 1970s the export which focused on light manufacturing and electronic goods accelerated (Kim, 2005), which  needed the certain skilled labour. However, the labour who had general education couldn’t match the reality, leading to the result that the government turned to emphasise on the vocational education (Kim, 2005). Developing the tertiary education to produce the adapted labour was urgent. However, because the production didn’t refer to much high-tech, the development of university remained slow while the vocational education greatly expanded. The labour who had received the vocational education helped relieve the talents shortage to support Economic sustainable development effectively. During 1960s-1970s, the nation economic grew rapidly. In mid-1970s-1980s, Korea’s major industry had become heavy and chemical industry and its main export had transformed kinds of like iron industry, shipyard, precision manufacture and so on (Kim, 2005). In this case, the problem of lacking of high-tech talents to support economic was becoming more serious, especially in the engineering and scientific areas. At this circumstance, when the vocational education can not meet the practical needs, the boom of university was inevitable. Hence, the government’s attention and investment in university education increased in the next decade. In addition, the private investment on university education also increased. With the encouraged policy, the universities developed rapidly during 1980s. A study shows, ‘ in the mid-1970s, the re were more than 7% of high school graduate who enrolled into the university. Compared to other developed countied, Japan gained the goal in the 1950s, Taiwan in mid-1960s, and the U.S. in the 1930s ‘(Phelps et. Al, 2003; Hayhoe, 1995). It shows that developing the university education is the necessary way for every country which is determined to develop high-tech economic. Some studies point out the technology change which can improve the productivity will make obvious progress or facilitate some new product when the long-term growth is keeping more than 50%. With rapid development of information technology, the economic and social structure is changing day by day. Trade made a active effect in South Korea’s export-oriented economy and during 20th century it occurred many problems such as the freedom of the market. When the government noticed the various problems, they realized Korea should become a knowledge-based society and its economic should be the knowledge-based economic. Therefore, university concentrated on the informational technology, such as semiconductor, Information and  communication technology, which made a huge progress during this period of time (Kim, 2005). Moreover, computer, cellular phone and memory chip were the major export product, which also showed the transformation of the economic segments. University education plays a more and more important role in the social transformation. The case of South Korea claims that when the general education is already comprehensively done, the appropriate investment and policy on tertiary education will show the effects on the development in an obvious way. The case of South Korea claims that when the general education is already comprehensively done, the appropriate investment and policy on tertiary education will show the effects on the development in an obvious way. In conclusion, primary education fully promotes economy and society in the poorest countries. In slight wealthier countries, secondary education leads to a leap of economy, and paves the way to further promotion. On a solid foundation of primary and secondary education, the developing countries will achieve considerable development with the help of tertiary education. When education is adapted to national conditions, it helps maximum of economic and social development. List of referenceBrown, L. (2008) Plan B 3.0: Mobilizing to save civilization. New York: W. W. Norton and Company, Earth policy institute Steurer, Stephen J; Smith, Linda G (2003) Education reduces crime: Three-state Recidivism Study Plan (2008) Playing the Price[online], Available from:http://www.plan.org.au/mediacentre/publications/research/paying_the_price[07 Dec.2010] Gupta, s., Verhoeven,M., Tiongson, E.R. (2004) Helping countries Develop: The role of Fiscal Policy Unicef (2005) Investing in the Children in the Islamic World http://www.unicef.org/pulications/files/Investing_Children_Islamic_World_full_e.pdf [07 Dec. 2010] Lutz, W. and Goujon, A. and KC, S. (2008) Education: the Key to Development. p. 12-15. [oline]. Available from: [9 October 2010]  Goh, C.H. & Gopinathan, S. (2008) ‘The Development of Education in Singapore Since 1965’. In Lee, S.K, Goh, C.B, Fredrikson, and Birger (ed) Toward a  Better Future: Education and Training for Economic Development in Singapore since 1965.The World Bank: 2008.p.12-38 Holsinger, D.B. & Cowell, R.N. (2000) Positioning Secondary School Education in Developing Countries. Paris: December 2000. [Online] Available from: [22 October 2010] Kingombe, C. (2008) ‘Evaluating the Effects of Vocational Training in Africa’. OECD Development Centre Policy Insights. Paris: April 2008. P. 1-3 Encyclopedia of the Nations (2008) Balance of payments – Korea, Republic of (ROK) – export, growth, power [online]. Available from [8 Dec 2010] S, Kim and Ju-Ho Lee (2004) Changing Facets of Korean Higher Education: Market Competition and the Role of the State* [online] March 2004 Available from : [8 Dec 2010] Bloom, D.Canning, D. Chan, K. (2006) Higher Education and Economic Development in Africa. Washington D.C. Harvard University